- PRIVATE CONTACT EMPLOYMENT ILLEGAL IMIGRATION PROFESSIONAL
- PRIVATE CONTACT EMPLOYMENT ILLEGAL IMIGRATION SERIES
In addition, because of professional licensing, in many states undocumented workers are effectively barred from entering certain professions including teachers and lawyers, healthcare practitioners, policemen and firefighters. Unlike documented workers who are able to find work in the occupations for which they have greater aptitude and where they are likely to be most productive, the employment options of undocumented workers are limited to occupations with low exposure to apprehension and weak enforcement (this is why we do not control for occupation in some of our analyses). Individuals lacking legal status face obstacles that reduce their access to jobs and, as a result, they may be unable to work in jobs that are a good match for their productive abilities. Finally, being undocumented may limit workers' ability to maximize their potential. It is also possible that undocumented workers have lower unobservable skills such as poorer physical and mental health. One reason may be that undocumented workers have weak bargaining power, which may result in being paid below-market wages. What accounts for this wage gap? There are several possible explanations for why undocumented workers may earn lower wages than otherwise similar workers.For instance, one study analyzed the wage effects of the 1986 IRCA amnesty and found that the wage penalty for being unauthorized amounted to 14 to 24 percent. Close to 1.7 million long‐term unauthorized workers obtained legal status through IRCA and studies of the IRCA legalization process have shown that gaining legal status resulted in higher earnings. Additional evidence of a wage penalty associated with undocumented status comes from studies that tracked immigrant wages following the passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) in 1986. We find that the wage gap between documented and undocumented workers in the period 2010-2012 falls to 8 percent when accounting for observable characteristics other than occupation. However, when you compare undocumented workers to documented workers with similar education and skills, undocumented workers continue to earn lower wages (although the gap is smaller).In addition, there may be differences in skills other than education – for instance, an imperfect command of English or lack of other local skills can be associated with lower wages until workers acquire those skills. Undocumented workers tend to have lower educational attainment than documented workers. To a large extent this reflects differences between these groups of workers. Using this type of data, we estimate that, on average, the hourly wages of undocumented workers are 42 percent lower than the wages of U.S.-born workers and legal immigrants.
PRIVATE CONTACT EMPLOYMENT ILLEGAL IMIGRATION SERIES
In order to study this population, most researchers use a procedure that ascribes undocumented status to individuals in existing databases, based on a series of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. By their very nature, there are no comprehensive official counts of undocumented workers and their wages. The hourly wage for undocumented workers is much lower than for U.S.-born workers and legal immigrants - but much of this difference can be explained by differences in education and in other factors.Undocumented workers were estimated to account for about 3 percent of private sector GDP in 2011-2013. There is large variation in the participation of undocumented immigrants in different industries, with undocumented immigrants estimated to make up a relatively large share of employment in agriculture (18 percent), construction (13 percent) and leisure and hospitality (10 percent) (see here). labor force in 2017 (representing 4.6 percent of the labor force), according to a report by the Pew Research Center. An estimated 7.6 million unauthorized immigrants ages 18 and older were in the U.S. employment - and a larger share of workers in particular industries and occupations. Undocumented immigrants cannot legally work in the United States, yet they comprise nearly 5 percent of overall U.S.Individuals lacking legal status face obstacles that limit their job options and lower their productivity. What are the reasons for this wage gap? The answer is important for understanding the economic effects of a range of policies, including providing driver’s licenses to undocumented workers (as recently approved in New York State), changing occupational licensing requirements, and providing a path to legal status. Undocumented foreign workers earn lower wages than legal immigrants and native workers with similar skills. Queens College, City University of New York The Issue:
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